Add WorkerPool and use it for OnE2EEData

- Allowing unlimited concurrency on OnE2EEData causes huge spikes in DB conns
  when device lists change.
- Using a high, bounded amount of concurrency ensure we don't breach DB conn limits.

With unit tests.

internal/pool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package internal
+
+type WorkerPool struct {
+	N  int
+	ch chan func()
+}
+
+// Create a new worker pool of size N. Up to N work can be done concurrently.
+// The size of N depends on the expected frequency of work and contention for
+// shared resources. Large values of N allow more frequent work at the cost of
+// more contention for shared resources like cpu, memory and fds. Small values
+// of N allow less frequent work but control the amount of shared resource contention.
+// Ideally this value will be derived from whatever shared resource constraints you
+// are hitting up against, rather than set to a fixed value. For example, if you have
+// a database connection limit of 100, then setting N to some fraction of the limit is
+// preferred to setting this to an arbitrary number < 100. If more than N work is requested,
+// eventually WorkerPool.Queue will block until some work is done.
+//
+// The larger N is, the larger the up front memory costs are due to the implementation of WorkerPool.
+func NewWorkerPool(n int) *WorkerPool {
+	return &WorkerPool{
+		N: n,
+		// If we have N workers, we can process N work concurrently.
+		// If we have >N work, we need to apply backpressure to stop us
+		// making more and more work which takes up more and more memory.
+		// By setting the channel size to N, we ensure that backpressure is
+		// being applied on the producer, stopping it from creating more work,
+		// and hence bounding memory consumption. Work is still being produced
+		// upstream on the homeserver, but we will consume it when we're ready
+		// rather than gobble it all at once.
+		//
+		// Note: we aren't forced to set this to N, it just serves as a useful
+		// metric which scales on the number of workers. The amount of in-flight
+		// work is N, so it makes sense to allow up to N work to be queued up before
+		// applying backpressure. If the channel buffer is < N then the channel can
+		// become the bottleneck in the case where we have lots of instantaneous work
+		// to do. If the channel buffer is too large, we needlessly consume memory as
+		// make() will allocate a backing array of whatever size you give it up front (sad face)
+		ch: make(chan func(), n),
+	}
+}
+
+// Start the workers. Only call this once.
+func (wp *WorkerPool) Start() {
+	for i := 0; i < wp.N; i++ {
+		go wp.worker()
+	}
+}
+
+// Stop the worker pool. Only really useful for tests as a worker pool should be started once
+// and persist for the lifetime of the process, else it causes needless goroutine churn.
+// Only call this once.
+func (wp *WorkerPool) Stop() {
+	close(wp.ch)
+}
+
+// Queue some work on the pool. May or may not block until some work is processed.
+func (wp *WorkerPool) Queue(fn func()) {
+	wp.ch <- fn
+}
+
+// worker impl
+func (wp *WorkerPool) worker() {
+	for fn := range wp.ch {
+		fn()
+	}
+}

internal/pool_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Test basic functions of WorkerPool
+func TestWorkerPool(t *testing.T) {
+	wp := NewWorkerPool(2)
+	wp.Start()
+	defer wp.Stop()
+
+	// we should process this concurrently as N=2 so it should take 1s not 2s
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	start := time.Now()
+	wp.Queue(func() {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+	wp.Queue(func() {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+	wg.Wait()
+	took := time.Since(start)
+	if took > 2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("took %v for queued work, it should have been faster than 2s", took)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWorkerPoolDoesWorkPriorToStart(t *testing.T) {
+	wp := NewWorkerPool(2)
+
+	// return channel to use to see when work is done
+	ch := make(chan int, 2)
+	wp.Queue(func() {
+		ch <- 1
+	})
+	wp.Queue(func() {
+		ch <- 2
+	})
+
+	// the work should not be done yet
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	if len(ch) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Queued work was done before Start()")
+	}
+
+	// the work should be starting now
+	wp.Start()
+	defer wp.Stop()
+
+	sum := 0
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for work to be done")
+		case val := <-ch:
+			sum += val
+		}
+		if sum == 3 { // 2 + 1
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type workerState struct {
+	id      int
+	state   int             // not running, queued, running, finished
+	unblock *sync.WaitGroup // decrement to unblock this worker
+}
+
+func TestWorkerPoolBackpressure(t *testing.T) {
+	// this test assumes backpressure starts at n*2+1 due to a chan buffer of size n, and n in-flight work.
+	n := 2
+	wp := NewWorkerPool(n)
+	wp.Start()
+	defer wp.Stop()
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	stateNotRunning := 0
+	stateQueued := 1
+	stateRunning := 2
+	stateFinished := 3
+	size := (2 * n) + 1
+	running := make([]*workerState, size)
+
+	go func() {
+		// we test backpressure by scheduling (n*2)+1 work and ensuring that we see the following running states:
+		// [2,2,1,1,0] <-- 2 running, 2 queued, 1 blocked <-- THIS IS BACKPRESSURE
+		// [3,2,2,1,1] <-- 1 finished, 2 running, 2 queued
+		// [3,3,2,2,1] <-- 2 finished, 2 running , 1 queued
+		// [3,3,3,2,2] <-- 3 finished, 2 running
+		for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+			// set initial state of this piece of work
+			wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+			wg.Add(1)
+			state := &workerState{
+				id:      i,
+				state:   stateNotRunning,
+				unblock: wg,
+			}
+			mu.Lock()
+			running[i] = state
+			mu.Unlock()
+
+			// queue the work on the pool. The final piece of work will block here and remain in
+			// stateNotRunning and not transition to stateQueued until the first piece of work is done.
+			wp.Queue(func() {
+				mu.Lock()
+				if running[state.id].state != stateQueued {
+					// we ran work in the worker faster than the code underneath .Queue, so let it catch up
+					mu.Unlock()
+					time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+					mu.Lock()
+				}
+				running[state.id].state = stateRunning
+				mu.Unlock()
+
+				running[state.id].unblock.Wait()
+				mu.Lock()
+				running[state.id].state = stateFinished
+				mu.Unlock()
+			})
+
+			// mark this work as queued
+			mu.Lock()
+			running[i].state = stateQueued
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// wait for the workers to be doing work and assert the states of each task
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+	assertStates(t, &mu, running, []int{
+		stateRunning, stateRunning, stateQueued, stateQueued, stateNotRunning,
+	})
+
+	// now let the first task complete
+	running[0].unblock.Done()
+	// wait for the pool to grab more work
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	// assert new states
+	assertStates(t, &mu, running, []int{
+		stateFinished, stateRunning, stateRunning, stateQueued, stateQueued,
+	})
+
+	// now let the second task complete
+	running[1].unblock.Done()
+	// wait for the pool to grab more work
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	// assert new states
+	assertStates(t, &mu, running, []int{
+		stateFinished, stateFinished, stateRunning, stateRunning, stateQueued,
+	})
+
+	// now let the third task complete
+	running[2].unblock.Done()
+	// wait for the pool to grab more work
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	// assert new states
+	assertStates(t, &mu, running, []int{
+		stateFinished, stateFinished, stateFinished, stateRunning, stateRunning,
+	})
+
+}
+
+func assertStates(t *testing.T, mu *sync.Mutex, running []*workerState, wantStates []int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if len(running) != len(wantStates) {
+		t.Fatalf("assertStates: bad wantStates length, got %d want %d", len(wantStates), len(running))
+	}
+	for i := range running {
+		state := running[i]
+		wantVal := wantStates[i]
+		if state.state != wantVal {
+			t.Errorf("work[%d] got state %d want %d", i, state.state, wantVal)
+		}
+	}
+}

sync2/handler2/handler.go

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	typingMap map[string]uint64
 
 	deviceDataTicker *sync2.DeviceDataTicker
+	e2eeWorkerPool   *internal.WorkerPool
 
 	numPollers prometheus.Gauge
 	subSystem  string
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func NewHandler(
 		}),
 		typingMap:        make(map[string]uint64),
 		deviceDataTicker: sync2.NewDeviceDataTicker(deviceDataUpdateDuration),
+		e2eeWorkerPool:   internal.NewWorkerPool(500), // TODO: assign as fraction of db max conns, not hardcoded
 	}
 
 	if enablePrometheus {
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Listen() {
 			sentry.CaptureException(err)
 		}
 	}()
+	h.e2eeWorkerPool.Start()
 	h.deviceDataTicker.SetCallback(h.OnBulkDeviceDataUpdate)
 	go h.deviceDataTicker.Run()
 }
@@ -201,27 +204,33 @@ func (h *Handler) UpdateDeviceSince(ctx context.Context, userID, deviceID, since
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) OnE2EEData(ctx context.Context, userID, deviceID string, otkCounts map[string]int, fallbackKeyTypes []string, deviceListChanges map[string]int) {
-	// some of these fields may be set
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	partialDD := internal.DeviceData{
+	wg.Add(1)
-		UserID:           userID,
+	h.e2eeWorkerPool.Queue(func() {
-		DeviceID:         deviceID,
+		defer wg.Done()
-		OTKCounts:        otkCounts,
+		// some of these fields may be set
-		FallbackKeyTypes: fallbackKeyTypes,
+		partialDD := internal.DeviceData{
-		DeviceLists: internal.DeviceLists{
+			UserID:           userID,
-			New: deviceListChanges,
+			DeviceID:         deviceID,
-		},
+			OTKCounts:        otkCounts,
-	}
+			FallbackKeyTypes: fallbackKeyTypes,
-	_, err := h.Store.DeviceDataTable.Upsert(&partialDD)
+			DeviceLists: internal.DeviceLists{
-	if err != nil {
+				New: deviceListChanges,
-		logger.Err(err).Str("user", userID).Msg("failed to upsert device data")
+			},
-		internal.GetSentryHubFromContextOrDefault(ctx).CaptureException(err)
+		}
-		return
+		_, err := h.Store.DeviceDataTable.Upsert(&partialDD)
-	}
+		if err != nil {
-	// remember this to notify on pubsub later
+			logger.Err(err).Str("user", userID).Msg("failed to upsert device data")
-	h.deviceDataTicker.Remember(sync2.PollerID{
+			internal.GetSentryHubFromContextOrDefault(ctx).CaptureException(err)
-		UserID:   userID,
+			return
-		DeviceID: deviceID,
+		}
+		// remember this to notify on pubsub later
+		h.deviceDataTicker.Remember(sync2.PollerID{
+			UserID:   userID,
+			DeviceID: deviceID,
+		})
 	})
+	wg.Wait()
 }
 
 // Called periodically by deviceDataTicker, contains many updates